NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology – (Chapter 5 – Priciples of Inheritance and Variation)

Chapter 5 – Priciples of Inheritance and Variation

The chapter Principles of Inheritance and Variation explains how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes. It is based on the pioneering work of Gregor Mendel, who discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance through experiments on pea plants. The chapter covers important concepts such as dominant and recessive traits, Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment, Punnett squares, and patterns of inheritance. It also discusses chromosomal theory of inheritance, linkage, recombination, and genetic variations that occur due to mutations. Understanding these principles helps explain how genetic traits and disorders are inherited across generations. These concepts are important for both Class 12 board exams and NEET preparation.

Principles of inheritance and Variation NCERT

• Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance