NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology – (Chapter 11 – Biotechnology: Principles And Processes)
Chapter 11 – Biotechnology: Principles And Processes
This chapter explains the basic principles and techniques used in biotechnology to manipulate living organisms for human benefit. It introduces important concepts such as genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and the tools required for these processes, including restriction enzymes, vectors, and host organisms. The chapter also describes techniques like PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and gel electrophoresis, which help scientists analyze and replicate DNA. Understanding these principles helps explain how biotechnology is used in fields like medicine, agriculture, and research to develop improved crops, medicines, and vaccines. These concepts are important for both Class 12 board exams and NEET preparation.
Biotechnology Principles and Processes NCERT
