{"id":7688,"date":"2026-03-07T10:56:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T10:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/?p=7688"},"modified":"2026-03-07T13:39:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T13:39:39","slug":"biotechnology-principles-and-processes-ncert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/biotechnology-principles-and-processes-ncert\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology &#8211; (Chapter 11 &#8211; Biotechnology: Principles And Processes)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 11 &#8211; Biotechnology: Principles And Processes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This chapter explains the basic principles and techniques used in biotechnology to manipulate living organisms for human benefit. It introduces important concepts such as <strong>genetic engineering<\/strong>, <strong>recombinant DNA technology<\/strong>, and the tools required for these processes, including restriction enzymes, vectors, and host organisms. The chapter also describes techniques like <strong>PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)<\/strong> and <strong>gel electrophoresis<\/strong>, which help scientists analyze and replicate DNA. Understanding these principles helps explain how biotechnology is used in fields like medicine, agriculture, and research to develop improved crops, medicines, and vaccines.  These concepts are important for both Class 12 board exams and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaashivinfotech.com\/blog\/which-online-platforms-provide-live-neet-coaching-classes-2026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEET<\/a> preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Biotechnology Principles and Processes NCERT<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-1-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-1-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-1-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-1-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-1-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-1-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-1-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-1.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-2-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-2-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-2-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-2-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-2-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-2-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-2-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-2.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-3-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-3-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-3-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-3-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-3-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-3-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-3-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-3.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-4-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-4-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-4-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-4-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-4-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-4-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-4-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-4.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-5-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-5-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-5-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-5-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-5-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-5-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-5-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-5.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-6-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7694\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-6-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-6-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-6-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-6-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-6-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-6-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-6.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-7-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-7-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-7-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-7-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-7-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-7-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-7-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-7.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-8-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-8-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-8-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-8-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-8-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-8-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-8-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-8.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-9-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-9-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-9-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-9-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-9-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-9-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-9-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-9.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-10-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-10-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-10-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-10-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-10-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-10-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-10-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-10.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-11-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-11-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-11-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-11-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-11-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-11-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-11-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-11.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-12-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-12-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-12-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-12-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-12-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-12-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-12-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-12.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-13-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-13-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-13-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-13-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-13-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-13-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-13-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-13.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-14-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-14-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-14-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-14-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-14-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-14-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-14-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-14.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-15-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-15-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-15-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-15-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-15-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-15-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-15-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-15.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-16-764x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-16-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-16-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-16-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-16-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-16-440x590.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-16-680x911.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-16.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/biotechnology-and-its-applications-ncert\/\">Chapter 12 &#8211; Biotechnology And Its Applications<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 11 &#8211; Biotechnology: Principles And Processes This chapter explains the basic principles and techniques used in biotechnology to manipulate living organisms for human benefit. It introduces important concepts such as genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and the tools required for these processes, including restriction enzymes, vectors, and host organisms. The chapter also describes techniques [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7706,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134,135],"tags":[999,998,997,993,992,996,994,995],"class_list":["post-7688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ncert-book","category-neet-biology","tag-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-handwritten-notes","tag-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-pdf","tag-chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-mcq","tag-chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-notes","tag-chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-pdf","tag-chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-pdf-download","tag-class-12-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-ncert-pdf","tag-class-12-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-ncert-solutions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7688"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7759,"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7688\/revisions\/7759"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chennaineet.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}